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| Registros recuperados: 33 | |
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| Barbosa,Alexandre Naime; Boyer,Leslie; Chippaux,Jean-Philippe; Medolago,Natalia Bronzatto; Caramori,Carlos Antonio; Paixão,Ariane Gomes; Poli,João Paulo Vasconcelos; Mendes,Mônica Bannwart; Santos,Lucilene Delazari dos; Ferreira Jr,Rui Seabra; Barraviera,Benedito. |
| Abstract Background Envenomation caused by multiple stings from Africanized honeybees Apis mellifera constitutes a public health problem in the Americas. In 2015, the Brazilian Ministry of Health reported 13,597 accidents (incidence of seven cases per 100,000 inhabitants) with 39 deaths (lethality of 0.25%). The toxins present in the venom, which include melittin and phospholipase A2, cause lesions in diverse organs and systems that may be fatal. As there has been no specific treatment to date, management has been symptomatic and supportive only. Methods In order to evaluate the safety and neutralizing capacity of a new apilic antivenom, as well as to confirm its lowest effective dose, a clinical protocol was developed to be applied in a multicenter,... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Apis mellifera; Bee venom; Toxins; Envenomation; Heterologous serum; Apilic antivenom; Bee antivenom. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992017000100309 |
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| Vigerelli,Hugo; Sciani,Juliana Mozer; Jared,Carlos; Antoniazzi,Marta Maria; Caporale,Graciane Maria Medeiros; Silva,Andréa de Cássia Rodrigues da; Pimenta,Daniel C. |
| Background Rabies is a fatal zoonotic neglected disease that occurs in more than 150 countries, and kills more than 55.000 people every year. It is caused by an enveloped single stranded RNA virus that affects the central nervous system, through an infection initiated by the muscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, according to many authors. Alkaloids, such as acetylcholine, are widespread molecules in nature. They are present in numerous biological fluids, including the skin secretion of many amphibians, in which they act (together with proteins, peptides and steroids) as protection agents against predators and/or microorganisms. Among those amphibians that are rich in alkaloids, there is the genus Rhinella.Methods Bufotenine was isolated from Rhinela... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Rabies; Rhinella; Bufotenine; Alkaloids; Toxins; Mass spectrometry. |
| Ano: 2014 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992014000200336 |
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| Stojanovic,Predrag; Kocic,Branislava; Stojanovic,Miodrag; Miljkovic-Selimovic,Biljana; Tasic,Suzana; Miladinovic-Tasic,Natasa; Babic,Tatjana. |
| The aim of this study was to fortify the clinical importance and representation of toxigenic and non-toxigenic Clostridium difficile isolated from stool samples of hospitalized patients. This survey included 80 hospitalized patients with diarrhea and positive findings of Clostridium difficile in stool samples, and 100 hospitalized patients with formed stool as a control group. Bacteriological examination of a stool samples was conducted using standard microbiological methods. Stool sample were inoculated directly on nutrient media for bacterial cultivation (blood agar using 5% sheep blood, Endo agar, selective Salmonella Shigella agar, Selenite-F broth, CIN agar and Skirrow's medium), and to selective cycloserine-cefoxitin-fructose agar (CCFA) (Biomedics,... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Clostridium difficile; Diarrhea; Toxins. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822012000100023 |
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| Baldassi,L.. |
| Clostridium is an anaerobic bacterial genus. The clostridia produce more protein toxins than any other bacterial genus and are a rich reservoir of toxins for research and medicinal uses. Clostridia are widely spread in the environment: soil, dust and water, presenting more than 120 described species, although few can cause diseases. Diseases can grossly be divided into neurotropic disorders (nervous system is primarily affected), enterotoxemias (affecting intestinal tract and parenchymatous organs), and gas gangrene (myonecrosis with toxemia). Undoubtedly the most widely recognized infection due to anaerobes was clostridial myonecrosis, but recently interest has arisen for the role of clostridia in intestinal diseases. This report describes the most... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Clostridiosis; Clostridium spp; Toxins. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992005000400002 |
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| Tasima,Lídia J.; Serino-Silva,Caroline; Hatakeyama,Daniela M.; Nishiduka,Erika S.; Tashima,Alexandre K.; Sant’Anna,Sávio S.; Grego,Kathleen F.; Morais-Zani,Karen de; Tanaka-Azevedo,Anita M.. |
| Abstract Background: Crotalus durissus is considered one of the most important species of venomous snakes in Brazil, due to the high mortality of its snakebites. The venom of Crotalus durissus contains four main toxins: crotoxin, convulxin, gyroxin and crotamine. Venoms can vary in their crotamine content, being crotamine-negative or -positive. This heterogeneity is of great importance for producing antivenom, due to their different mechanisms of action. The possibility that antivenom produced by Butantan Institute might have a different immunorecognition capacity between crotamine-negative and crotamine-positive C. durissus venoms instigated us to investigate the differences between these two venom groups. Methods: The presence of crotamine was analyzed... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Rattlesnake; Snake venom; Toxins; Venom variation; Antivenom. |
| Ano: 2020 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992020000100307 |
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| Vasconcelos,V.M.. |
| Toxic cyanobacteria are common in Portuguese freshwaters and the most common toxins are microcystins. The occurrence of microcystin-LR (MCYST-LR) has been reported since 1990 and a significant number of water reservoirs that are used for drinking water attain high levels of this toxin. Aquatic animals that live in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems may be killed by microcystins but in many cases the toxicity is sublethal and so the animals can survive long enough to accumulate the toxins and transfer them along the food chain. Among these, edible mollusks, fish and crayfish are especially important because they are harvested and sold for human consumption. Mussels that live in estuarine waters and rivers where toxic blooms occur may accumulate toxins without... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Cyanobacteria; Toxins; Risk; Human health; Microcystins; Accumulation. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1999000300001 |
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| Taffarel,Loreno Egidio; Mesquita,Eduardo Eustáquio; Castagnara,Deise Dalazen; Costa,Patrícia Barcellos; Neres,Marcela Abbado; Horn,Marcelina Bottoni; Oliveira,Paulo Sérgio Rabello de; Meinerz,Cristiane Claudia. |
| The objective of this study was to estimate the dehydration curve and occurrence of fungi and mycotoxins in Tifton 85 hay. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split plots with four replications and five levels of nitrogen (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg ha-1) in the form of urea, two regrowth ages (28 and 35 days) and drying hay in the sun and in shed. After harvesting, the grass was sampled four times (0, 8, 23 and 32 hours) to dry in the sun and twelve times (0, 3, 18, 27, 42, 51, 66, 75, 90, 99, 114 and 123 hours) for drying in shed, turned over daily. The fungi were identified after seeding and growth in three steps of haymaking (cutting, baling and after 30 days of storage). To verify the presence of mycotoxins, 20 samples, composed of hay... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Contaminants; Dry matter; Forage conservation; Microorganisms; Toxins. |
| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982013000600003 |
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| Pitcher, G.C.; Roesler, C.S.; Etheridge, S.M.. |
| Abalone were grown: on diets of 1) artificial feed, 2) kelp, their in situ food source, which contained saxitoxin (STX) derivatives, and 3) in filtered seawater without a food source, to investigate the depuration and transformation of toxins under feeding and starving conditions. The abalone were toxic at the start of each treatment (~160 µg STX eq 100 g-1 tissue). They depurated at a rate of 6.27 µg STX eq 100 g-1 tissue d-1 over the 2 week incubation period when fed artificial feed; however, no depuration was observed in starved or kelp-fed animals. Toxin transformations occurred in abalone for each treatment. Toxin derivatives decreased in organisms fed artificial feed, and no B1 was detected during this treatment. Toxin composition was not... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Toxins. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/376 |
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| Couet, Douglas; Pringault, Olivier; Bancon-montigny, Chrystelle; Briant, Nicolas; Poulichet, Francoise Elbaz; Delpoux, Sophie; Yahia, Ons Kefi-daly; Hela, Bengharbia; Charaf, M'Rabet; Herve, Fabienne; Rovillon, Georges-augustin; Amzil, Zouher; Laabir, Mohamed. |
| Controlled laboratory experiments were conducted to test the effects of copper (Cu2+) and butyltins (BuT) on the growth, photosynthetic activity and toxin content of two HABs (Harmful Algal Blooms) dinoflagellates, the planktonic Alexandrium catenella and the benthic Ostreopsis cf. ovata. Microalgae were exposed to increasing concentrations of Cu2+ (10−4 to 31 nM) or BuT (0.084 to 84 nM) for seven days. When considering the growth, EC50 values were 0.16 (±0.09) nM and 0.03 (±0.02) nM of Cu2+ for A. catenella and O. cf. ovata, respectively. Regarding BuT, EC50 was 14.2 (±6) nM for O. cf. ovata, while A. catenella growth inhibition appeared at BuT concentrations ≥27 nM. Photosynthetic activity of the studied dinoflagellates decreased with increasing Cu and... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Alexandrium catenella; Ostreopsis cf. ovata; Cu; Butyltin; Photosynthesis; Toxins. |
| Ano: 2018 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00418/52970/53896.pdf |
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| Tan,CH; Sim,SM; Gnanathasan,CA; Fung,SY; Ponnudurai,G; Pailoor,J; Tan,NH. |
| Hypnale hypnale (hump-nosed pit viper) has been recently identified as one of the medically important venomous snakes in Sri Lanka and on the southwestern coast of India. The characterization of its venom is essential for understanding the pathophysiology of envenomation and for optimizing its management. In the present study, the biological properties of Hypnale hypnale venom and venom fractions obtained using Resource Q ion exchange chromatography were determined. The venom exhibited toxic activities typical of pit viper venom, comparable to that of its sister taxon, the Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma). Particularly noteworthy were its high activities of thrombin-like enzyme, proteases, phospholipase A2, L-amino acid oxidase and... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Hypnale hypnale; Venom; Enzymes; Toxins; Fibrinogen; Nephrotoxicity. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992011000400015 |
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| Medhioub, Walid; Ramondenc, Simon; Vanhove, Audrey; Vergnes, Agnes; Masseret, Estelle; Savar, Veronique; Amzil, Zouher; Laabir, Mohamed; Rolland, Jean-luc. |
| This study assessed the apoptotic process occurring in the hemocytes of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, exposed to Alexandrium catenella, a paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) producer. Oysters were experimentally exposed during 48 h to the toxic algae. PSTs accumulation, the expression of 12 key apoptotic-related genes, as well as the variation of the number of hemocytes in apoptosis was measured at time intervals during the experiment. Results show a significant increase of the number of hemocytes in apoptosis after 29 h of exposure. Two pro-apoptotic genes (Bax and Bax-like) implicated in the mitochondrial pathway were significantly upregulated at 21 h followed by the overexpression of two caspase executor genes (caspase-3 and caspase-7) at 29 h,... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Shellfish; Toxins; Apoptosis; Gene expression. |
| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00176/28744/27213.pdf |
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| Costa,Fábio L. S.; Lima,Maria E. De; Pimenta,Adriano C.; Figueiredo,Suely G.; Kalapothakis,Evanguedes; Salas,Carlos E.. |
| Species of the family Scorpaenidae are responsible for accidents and sporadic casualties by the shore they inhabit. The species Scorpaena plumierifrom this family populate the Northeastern and Eastern coast of Brazil causing human envenomation characterized by local and systemic symptoms. In experimental animals the venom induces cardiotoxic, hypotensive, and airway respiratory effects. As first step to identify the venom components we isolated gland mRNA to produce a cDNA library from the fish gland. This report describes the partial sequencing of 356 gland transcripts from S. plumieri. BLAST analysis of transcripts showed that 30% were unknown sequences, 17% hypothetical proteins, 17% related to metabolic enzymes, 14% belonged to signal transducing... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: CDNAs; EST; Glands; Lectin; Scorpionfish; Toxins. |
| Ano: 2014 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252014000400871 |
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| Vidotto,Marilda C.; Lima,Natália C.S. de; Fritzen,Juliana T.T.; Freitas,Júlio C. de; Venâncio,Emerson J.; Ono,Mario A.. |
| Identification of Escherichia coli causing porcine postweaning diarrhea requires knowledge regarding the prevalent pathotypes within a given region. A total of 100Escherichia coli isolates from piglets with diarrhea in Londrina city, Parana State, South Brazil, were screened for the presence of genes for F4, F5, F6, F18, F41 fimbrial antigens by specific probes and for enterotoxins (STa, STb, LT and STx2e) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that 60% of the isolates were positive for one or more of the fimbrial antigens and 92% were positive at least for one of the virulence factors examined. Virulence factor genes detected were F4 (44%), F18 (38%), F5 (30%), F41 (32%), F6 (25%), LTp-I (71%), STa (40%), STb (47%) and STx2e (3%). Twenty... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Porcine Escherichia coli; Virulence genes; Postweaning diarrhea; Toxins. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822009000100035 |
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| Chaves-Moreira,Daniele; Senff-Ribeiro,Andrea; Wille,Ana Carolina Martins; Gremski,Luiza Helena; Chaim,Olga Meiri; Veiga,Silvio Sanches. |
| Abstract Brown spiders are venomous arthropods that use their venom for predation and defense. In humans, bites of these animals provoke injuries including dermonecrosis with gravitational spread of lesions, hematological abnormalities and impaired renal function. The signs and symptoms observed following a brown spider bite are called loxoscelism. Brown spider venom is a complex mixture of toxins enriched in low molecular mass proteins (4–40 kDa). Characterization of the venom confirmed the presence of three highly expressed protein classes: phospholipases D, metalloproteases (astacins) and insecticidal peptides (knottins). Recently, toxins with low levels of expression have also been found in Loxosceles venom, such as serine proteases, protease... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Brown spider; Loxosceles; Venom; Toxins; Loxoscelism; Phospholipase-D; Metalloprotease; Insecticidal peptides; Serineprotease; Hyaluronidase. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992017000100201 |
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| LIPPS,B. V.. |
| Lethal Toxin Neutralizing Factor (N-LTNF), MW 63.0 kDa, was isolated from opossum serum. After trypsin digestion, the active domain of N-LTNF was isolated and sequenced. The synthetic peptide consisting of ten amino acids was designated as LT-10. N-LTNF and LT-10 inhibited the lethality of animal, plant and bacteria toxins when tested on mice non-immunologically. The antibodies against N-LTNF and LT-10 only reacted immunologically with toxins and not with non-toxic substances. Anti-LTNF and anti-LT-10 reacted immunologically by ELISA test with toxins that were not detected by mouse test, such as cholera toxin and digoxin. Anti-LTNF and anti-LT-10 failed to react immunologically with non-toxic substances, such as nerve growth factor and collagen. Currently,... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Antibodies; In vitro assay; Lethal toxin neutralizing factor; Toxins; Venoms. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-79302002000200003 |
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| The possibility of producing neutralizing antibodies against the lethal effects of scorpion toxins was evaluated in the mouse model by immunization with an immunogen devoid of toxicity. A toxic fraction (5 mg) from the venom of the scorpion Tityus serrulatus was entrapped in sphingomyelin-cholesterol liposomes. The liposomes were treated for 1 h at 37oC with a 1% (w/w) trypsin solution in 0.2 M sodium carbonate buffer, pH 8.3. This treatment led to a strong reduction in venom toxicity. Immunization was performed as follows: mice were injected sc with 20 µg of the liposome-entrapped toxic fraction on days 1 and 21 and a final injection (20 µg) was administered ip on day 36. After injection of the immunogen, all mice developed an IgG response which was shown... |
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Palavras-chave: Liposomes; Neutralizing antibodies; Tityus serrulatus; Immunization; Toxins. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1997000700010 |
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| Tetreau, Guillaume. |
| Toxins are a major virulence factor produced by many pathogenic bacteria. In vertebrates, the response of hosts to the bacteria is inseparable from the response to the toxins, allowing a comprehensive understanding of this tripartite host-pathogen-toxin interaction. However, in invertebrates, this interaction has been investigated by two complementary but historically distinct fields of research: toxinology and immunology. In this article, I highlight how such dichotomy between these two fields led to a biased, or even erroneous view of the ecology and evolution of the interaction between insects, toxins, and bacteria. I focus on the reason behind such a dichotomy, on how to bridge the fields together, and on confounding effects that could bias the outcome... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Invertebrate immunity; Host-pathogens interaction; Toxins; Bacillus thuringiensis; Resistance. |
| Ano: 2018 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00457/56834/78950.pdf |
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| Onofre,Sideney Becker; Riveros Gonzalez,Raul; Messias,Cláudio Luiz; Azevedo,João Lúcio; Barros,Neiva Monteiro de. |
| The entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson produced a peptide active against Anticarsia gemmatalis 3rd instar larvae. To produce this peptide, N. rileyi was cultivated aerobically in Saboraud, maltose, yeast-extract broth at 26 ± 1ºC for 12 days, after which the medium was filtered and separated in a liquid/liquid extractor, concentrated and the peptide purified chromatographically. The crystals obtained were kept refrigerated until needed for LC50 analysis. The LC50 of this peptide against A. gemmatalis 3rd instar larvae was determined in triplicate experiments using solutions containing 1.0, 0.2, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 and 0.0001 mg/ml of N. rileyi peptide. The results of these experiments were used to calculate a linear equation in which Y =... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Anticarsia gemmatalis; Nomuraea rileyi; Integrated control; Secondary metabolite; Toxins. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132002000300004 |
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| Registros recuperados: 33 | |
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